The nine hallmarks of aging are shown together with those therapeutic strategies for which there is proof of principle in mice.
Aging is defined as a gradual loss of physiological integrity, which results in diminished function and an increased risk of death. The primary risk factor for major human pathologies such as cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and neurological illnesses is degradation. Recent advances in aging research have been unparalleled, particularly with the finding that the rate of aging is controlled, at least in part, by genetic pathways and metabolic mechanisms conserved throughout evolution. This review identifies nine potential hallmarks that serve as common denominators of aging in many organisms, with a focus on mammalian aging.
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